How Are Kidney Stones Diagnosed?

Your doctor will take your history in detail and do a thorough physical examination, followed by some blood, urine and imaging tests to determine the concentration, type, positions and size of the stones. These tests include:

• X-Ray KUB. An x-ray of your kidney, ureter and bladder is done to determine whether the stone can be removed by shock wave treatment.
• IVP (Intravenous pyelogram). In this test, a dye is injected in your veins to find the site of blockage in the urinary tract through an x-ray. If you are allergic to any dye or its components, it is advisable to inform your doctor in advance.
• Abdomen Ultrasound This test uses high frequency sound waves to capture live images in your body.
• High resolution CT scan. This test uses a combination of computers and x-rays to see images of your body.

The doctor proceeds with the treatment, taking in consideration your health, the location and size of the stone, your symptoms and the diagnostic test reports.

what causes kidney stones?

Kidney stones form when there is not enough fluid in your urine to dilute the crystal-forming substances such as oxalates, calcium, and uric acids. These substances then stick together to form stones. Most common causes for the formation of kidney stones include:

• Drinking less amount of water over a long period
• Family history of kidney stones
• Obesity
• A diet high in salt, sugar, and protein
• Having a stomach or an intestinal surgery

What are the Symptoms of Kidney Stones?

Your body is capable of passing kidney stones without pain, when they are smaller in size. It is when the stones are large, that the body decides to display symptoms like

• Pain while passing urine
• Pain in your lower back or abdomen
• Increased frequency of passing urine in small amounts
• Foul smelling urine 
• Blood in urine
• Change in colour of your urine (red, brown, pink, etc.)
• Fever with or without chills
• Nausea and vomiting

If you are experiencing any of the above symptoms and choose to neglect, it might lead to serious complications which might be life threatening.

Postoperative care

After the procedure, you will be kept under observation for around 2 hours. Here, your vital signs, like your body temperature, pulse rate, and blood pressure will be carefully monitored. Once stable, you can return home. However in some cases you may need to be kept under observation at the hospital through the night. 

After going back home, you must contact your doctor immediately if you notice any of the following symptoms:

• High fever with a temperature above 100°F
• Severe flank pain not responding to medications
• Nausea and vomiting
• Blood in urine with clots
• Breathing difficulty